POWDERED DRUGS AND FOODS. 



773 



ules numerous. The powder of clove stems is less aromatic and 

 contains numerous yellow, nearly isodiametric and irregular thick- 

 walled stone cells with numerous canals and also scalariform and 

 reticulate tracheae. The powder of the fruit of cloves, or so-called 

 MOTHER OF CLOVES, coutains numerous single, oblong and irreg- 



ani 



1st- 



...^..-'^"^ i 



V 



o 



00 



Fig. 311. Black pepper: ep, polygonal cells of the epicarp, beneath which are the 

 hypodermal stone cells (ast); bf, elongated bast fibers; bp, short bast fibers; sp, trachese 

 with spiral markings; ist, stone cells of the endocarp; is, as, fragments of tissues beneath 

 the endocarp; am, parenchyma cells of perisperm containing starch grains; A, starch 

 grains; p, oil cells. After Moeller. 



ular starch grains with excentral point of origin of growth, and 

 varying in size from 10 to 35 /x. The pericarp of the fruit also 

 contains numerous irregular stone cells and sclerenchyma fibers, 

 the latter varying from short to 5 mm. or more in length and being 

 very irregular or knotty in outline. (For adulterants see Pimenta 

 No. 113 and p. 549.) 



174. INSECT POWDER. (See No. 5.) 



