Cement Floors and Walks. 379 



ings before the surface layer is made. Indeed the method 

 should be the same as that followed in making a good stone 

 road. 



463. Macadam Surface for Barnyard. The paving or 

 flooring the barnyard with macadam surface is perhaps the 

 best solution of the difficult problem of maintaining a hard 

 dry yard. On account of the puddling of the soil by the 

 tramping of feet, surface drainage is all that can be adopted 

 and hence even when the yard has been macadamized it is 

 necessary to scrape the manure into piles so that the water 

 may flow away. 



CONSTRUCTION OF CEMENT FLOORS AND WALKS. 



464. Kinds of Cement. There are two classes of cement 

 on the market, Common and Portland. Of the common 

 cements in the United States familiar brands are Akron, 

 Louisville and Milwaukee. They are suitable for laying 

 walls J>elow ground and plastering cisterns but will not 

 answer for stable, cellar or creamery floors, nor for walks, 

 because they do not make a hard enough stone. 



For walks and floors some brand of Portland cement 

 should be used. These are American, English or German 

 according to the country in which they are manufactured. 

 American brands are Vulcanite, Alpha, Atlas and Wol- 

 verine. 



465. Cement Concrete. The making of cement concrete 

 is in effect the production of artificial stone by binding to- 

 gether pieces of rock and sand with Portland cement. The 

 cement is too expensive to be used by itself for ordinary 

 work and the making of cement concrete aims to produce 

 the largest bulk of strong rock with the use of the least pos- 

 sible amount of the more costly cement. This is secured 

 when only so much space is left between the materials 

 bound together as will leave room for the cement to form 



