Ties for Cattle. 



387 



477. Movable Halter Ties. Another class of ties repre- 

 sented in Figs. 188, 189, attempt to confine the cow in 

 movements forward and backward by using a short chain 

 which slides at the other end in such a manner as to per- 

 mit freedom of motion up and down. 



FIG. 183. Chain tie. 



FIG. 189,-Baker tie. 



478. Tight Side Partitions. There is an effort among 

 some feeders to prevent the animal from moving sidewise 

 so as to interfere with the neighbor, either by stepping 

 upon the feet or teats of the cow lying down or of taking the 

 food from the manger. Where such provisions are insisted 

 upon it should be kept in mind that anything which tends 

 to enclose the cow, especially her head, in a tight box tends 

 in a high degree to defeat the purposes of good ventilation 

 by confining the air once breathed about the animal, hence 

 such arrangements should be slatted or else open at the level 

 of the floor. 



So, too, wherever box stalls are used these should be 

 slatted or open at the bottom and not "boxes" as they too 

 often are. 



479. Tying for Feeding Only. For calves, young cattle 

 and feeding steers there is perhaps no mode of confining 

 the animals in the stable so good as to give them complete 

 freedom except at the time of feeding, using plenty of bed- 

 ding on a cement floor which is cleaned as often as Heedful. 



