PREFACE vii 



observation of African insect life and tropical 

 maladies ; while those on physiography and climate 

 may help the traveller in Angola to avoid its un- 

 healthy regions and seasons. 



The description of native customs and religion 

 were written from notes made on this journey, 

 and from older historians like Cavazzi, Carli, 

 Dapper, and Douville, who described these customs 

 before they were affected by Western civilization. 



To keep the large map up to date, projected 

 as well as actual roads and posts are shown, and 

 constantly changing villages omitted. Names are 

 spelt as in Portuguese maps. For their pronun- 

 ciation, C has a K sound ; Ch and X that of Sh ; 

 and vowels are pronounced continentally. 



I am indebted to Mr. W. Smith, M.A., of 

 Edinburgh, and Mr. Studt for revising the botany 

 and geology chapters ; to Lieut. -Col. Tate and 

 Majors Hayes, Kelly, and Finlayson for help in 

 other directions ; to Mr. Leo Weinthal of the 

 African World; to Mr. Whitside of Bedfont, Mr. 

 W. Scott of Glasgow, Captain Cossart and 

 Mr. Perestrello of Madeira, and Messrs. Grenfell 

 and Hart of Mossamedes for the loan of twelve 

 photographs ; and to Colonel Roma Machado for 

 sending me books and maps. 



J. C. B. STATHAM. 



EDINBURGH, February 1922. 



