188 THROUGH ANGOLA 



petition from Dutch, English, and French traders, 

 to the detriment of the Portuguese at the ports of 

 Ambriz, Loanda, Cabinda, and Pinda. In 1759 

 the famous native fortress of Pedras d'F.nconge 

 was captured by the Portuguese from the native 

 Chief of Ambuilla. 



Francisco de Sousa Coutinho, who was Governor 

 between 1764 and 1773, instituted many reforms 

 in the judicial customs, police, and hospital services 

 of the colony. He built a large part of what is 

 now the town of Loanda, including the fort of 

 San Francisco, founded the fort of Novo Redondo, 

 started foundries near the iron mines of Golungo, 

 and proved himself one of the best Governors in 

 Angolan history. 



The remaining years of the eighteenth century 

 were uneventful but for two campaigns, one in the 

 north and the other in the south of the colony, 

 against Angolan chiefs, both of which w r ere 

 successful. 



The beginning of the nineteenth rentury was 

 notable for the excellent Governorship of Ante mi 

 dc Gama, who not only developed the mineral 

 resources of Angola, bat directed his attention 

 to the exploration of tins; part of Africa, especially 

 to the discovery of a route from Angola to the 

 eastern Portuguese possessions on the Zambezi 

 River. 



Two native traders were dispatched from 

 Angola in 1801 who managed to reach Cassembe, 

 a town in Central Africa, where Francisco Laccrda, 

 the Governor of Portuguese Zambezi, had arrived 

 by an expedition from the East Coast some years 



