189 



earlier. The Angolan traders finally reached the 

 East Coast in 1811, ten years after having left 

 Loanda, and returned to Angola by the same route 

 via Cassembe in 1815. 



The years 1820 to 183G were marked by great 

 commercial progress in Angola, but also by much 

 social unrest ; a mutiny breaking out in the latter 

 year among the white troops, whose discipline 

 and prestige were only restored after a successful 

 campaign, and the conquest of the district of 

 Duke cla Braganza. The abolition of the slave 

 trade took place soon after, and brought about 

 profound economic changes in the colony. 



In May 1854, Livingstone completed at Loanda 

 the first phase of his famous transcontinental 

 journey, which, commenced in Barotseland and 

 continued north to Loanda, ended at last at the 

 mouth of the Zambezi on the East Coast of Africa. 



Portugal's title to Angola, discovered and 

 conquered by her adventurous and gallant sailors 

 and soldiers, is confirmed by numerous modern 

 treaties. The boundaries of Cabinda marching 

 with the French Congo were defined by a treaty of 

 1886, those of the north and north-east (of Angola) 

 towards the Belgian Congo by treaties of 1885, 

 1891, and 1891. The south-eastern frontier, con- 

 tinuous with Rhodesia, was settled in 1801 and 

 1905. The southern frontier, settled in 1880. 

 touches that finger-like process which Germany 

 pushed to the Zambezi in the moment of her power 

 and as a sign manual of her ambition, and is being- 

 readjusted with Germany's successor, the Union 

 of South Africa, 



