THE CONGO AND COANZA DISTRICTS 305 



terraces of moderate elevation, there are not 

 the sharp differences in climate and vegetation 

 which occur in similar zones in central and southern 

 Angola. 



The coast hills of limestone overlie the Primary 

 rocks, which occasionally outcrop, as in the 

 famous pillar of Mussera. These Primary rocks 

 become more frequent as one journeys over the 

 first 100 miles inland, and some of the hills 

 (1500 feet or more high) show a good deal of such 

 formations. 



Beyond this zone come the higher plateaux, 

 like San Salvador (1700 feet, temperature 65 to 

 83 F., rainfall 40 inches), and Bembe (1800 feet), 

 where there is much sandstone, a formation which 

 continues to Zombo (3000 feet, temperature 63 

 to 81, rainfall 50 inches). Mineral deposits of 

 copper (malachite) are found in the province in 

 the neighbourhood of Bembe. 



In the North Coanza district, south of that 

 of the Congo, the coastal geological forma- 

 tion at Luanda town (temperature 70 to 79, 

 rainfall 12 inches, where Europeans can live 

 throughout the year) is limestone, sandstone, 

 and, farther inland, conglomerates. This zone is 

 succeeded by that of the crystalline rocks. 



The lower plateau (such as at Casengo and 

 Galungo Alto), 1500 feet high, has a formation 

 of gneiss, granite, and quartzite schists, though 

 farther inland on the plateau at N'dala N'tando 

 (2000 feet, temperature 03 to 80, rainfall 40 

 inches), and especially along the basin of the 

 Upper Zenza, the Lucalla below Duque de Bra- 



20 



