FARMS. 11 



stone is scarce there are other materials. Where there is a 

 will there is a way. 



I have set three hundred and fifty trees of different varieties, 

 mostly apple, which are doing well, except the first hundred ; 

 in that lot I was deceived, the seller not giving me the trees I 

 bought, viz. : large and well-shaped heads, but sent me crooked 

 trees and without limbs. I soon became discouraged, partly 

 on account of the poor trees, and on account of ejicroachmerits 

 and distance from home. The land is now laid down to grass 

 and the few remaining trees will soon die a natural death, I 

 hope. Dear-bought experience has taught me that I had better 

 pay a dollar for a good tree, than to have a poor one for 

 nothing. By a good one, I mean one that has large and fibrous 

 roots, a straight trunk with the top well-shaped and trimmed, 

 and high enough to let the team near it. Of the whole number 

 all started but six, the first season, some few have died in the 

 hard winters, and peach trees from the effects of the borer. 

 Always mulched them the first year. I believe it no use to 

 undertake to raise fruit without the mind is made up to keep 

 the ground under cultivation at least two years in three. As to 

 manure, it has been my constant effort to make and use as much 

 as possible, from the barn-cellar, yard, hog-pen, vault, sink-drain, 

 &c., always using it the present season. I keep loam constantly 

 in the cellar which is ready to be put to the droppings. It is 

 always thrown over directly after haying, and used either for 

 fall seeding or for a top-dressing. I then commence a new pile 

 by wheeling loam into the lean-to through a door expressly for 

 the purpose and put it down the trap doors, and by so doing 

 the manure thrown over below can remain for a while. I used 

 as a top-dressing last year four hundred loads. Every thing 

 collected, up to November, is used on grass. I then commence 

 the winter stock by carrying one hundred loads of mud or black 

 earth to the cellar, and throw on to the droppings during the 

 winter as often as once a week. I find it almost impossible to 

 make manure heat in my cellar, and for that reason I carry it 

 to the field to mix. I consider it one man's time for the year 

 to do the work connected with the manure heap. When I 

 commenced on the farm little help was hired, but from year to 

 year more help was needed, and for the last three years in 



