36 



Norwood Central, Reading, Revere, Roslindale, Russell, Salem, 

 Saxonville, Scituate, Somerville, South Framingham, South 

 Chelmsford, Swampscott, Taunton, Three Rivers, Townsend, 

 Winchester and Worcester. It is probable that in addition to 

 these forty-four places it is present in as many more, existing 

 unrecognized and perhaps unnoticed. 



How the Scale spreads. 

 The most important way in which the scale spreads is, as has 

 already been shown, by its conveyance upon nursery stock. Its 

 spread from tree to tree, however, occurs by means of the crawl- 

 ing young. These are very small, and may easily be blown off 

 the tree they are on by sudden gusts of wind, and, if carried to 

 another tree, or even very near it, may be able to establish them- 

 selves. Others crawl onto the feet of birds or even other insects 

 as these rest on infested trees, and when they fly to other trees 

 may crawl off there. If the branches of adjacent trees touch, the 

 young may crawl directly from one to another. 



Enemies. 



The San Jose scale is not without its enemies, which prey upon 

 it. Chief among these are the lady-birds, or lady-bugs, as they 

 are commonly called, perhaps the most common one which feeds 

 upon the scale being the " Twice-stabbed lady-bug," which is a 

 small, shining black beetle, about an eighth of an inch long and 

 nearly as wide, with its upper surface very strongly convex, and 

 with two dark-red or orange spots on the back. This insect is of 

 much aid in the destruction of the scale, but unfortunately its rate 

 of increase is so much less than that of the scale that it is unable 

 to do more than somewhat reduce the numbers of the pest. 



There are several parasites of the scale, as well, but here, too, 

 their rate of increase is less rapid than that of the scale, which of 

 course renders their work of less value than would otherwise be 

 the case. 



A fungus occurs in the southern States which also attacks the 

 scale, and this has been cultivated somewhat, in the hope that it 

 might be made use of in controlling the insect. Thus far, how- 

 ever, these hopes have failed to be realized. In fact, all of these 

 enemies together fail to do more than to somewhat check the 

 rapid increase of the scale, which, when present, requires treat- 

 ment by man in addition, if the infested plants are to be kept 

 from entire destruction. 



Treatment. 



The methods of treatment for the San Jos^ scale successfully 

 used on the Pacific coast have thus far failed in the eastern United 



