31 



not injured by the soluble arsenious acid it contains, it may be safely 

 used. , , ... 



Arsenate of Lead. — The peach, Japanese plum and the cherry foliage 

 are injured by the use of Paris green, but the arsenate of lead is said to 

 be equally as effective as the latter and not injurious to the foliage, even 

 when used in large quantities. . . , , , j 



Kerosene. Up to within a year or two, this insecticide has been used 



in the form of kerosene emulsion and with good results, but some 

 difficulty seems to have been experienced 

 in making a reliable emulsion under vari- 

 ous conditions, and injury has often re- 

 sulted. It has been found, however, that 

 clear kerosene or kerosene and water ap- 

 plied in a fine spray or mist, and on bright, 

 airy days is safe and more effectual and 

 not more expensive, Avhen the labor of 

 making the emulsion is considered. 

 Neither the emulsion nor the kerosene 

 and water should be applied in moist, cloudy weather. 



Pyrethrum.— This powder, called also Persian or Dalmation insect 

 powder, is an insecticide that acts very quickly upon the breathing 

 organs, killing delicate insects like the cabbage worm, currant worm, 

 etc! If applied just at night it is much more effective than when ap- 

 plied in the morning, especially if the weather be bright and airy. 



Fig. 10. 



Fungicides. 



Fungicides or fungi destroyers, are substances that prevent the 

 orcwth of the spores or seeds of the various lower plants, the rusts, 

 blights, smuts, mildews, etc., called fungi, that feed 

 upon and destroy our farm and garden crops. 



The most important of these is copper sulphate 

 or blue vitriol, sometimes called blue stone. A 

 fungous plant growing within another plant and 

 taking its nourishment from that plant, as _ most 

 of the fungi do grow, cannot be destroyed without 

 destroying the host plant, — but its spores or seeds 

 will be destroyed if they come in contact with even 

 a very small amount of soluble copper. The main 

 object therefore in the use of copper solutions is to 

 have the substance spread over the surface of the 

 foliage or branches so that the spores which 

 are floating in the air may be destroyed when they 

 fall upon a tree or plant that is in condition to 

 allow of their growth. 



Copper sulphate is used in two forms, i.e., the Bordeaux mixture and 

 copper sulphate solution. 



Bordeaux Mixture. — Full directions for making and using all insec- 

 ticides and fungicides are given in Bulletin No. 60 of the Hatch Experi- 

 ment Station already referred to and need not be repeated here. Should 

 any reader of this paper not have received this bulletin it can be 

 obtained by sending a postal to H. H. Goodell, Director, Amherst, Mass. 

 The Bordeaux mixture is the fungicide most universally employed upon 

 all crops when the disfigurement of the foliage or fruit is of no conse- 

 quence, and is especially valuable because of the long time that it will 

 adhere to the foliage and gradually give out enough of the copper 

 solution with each rain to kill all ordinary spores. 



Copper Sulphate Solution.— This is used while the trees are dormant, 

 1 lb. to 25 gallons of water, and when the foliage is upon the trees or 



Fig. 11. 



