33 



Double sulfate of potash and magnesia. 



Carnallite and kainite, containing chloride of potash, salt, sul- 

 fate of magnesia and chloride of magnesia. 



When these are used, account is taken of the addition of potash 

 to the manure. 



Charcoal and peat are also good fixers, and to an extent preser- 

 vatives. 



The finished manure from different animals shows very different 

 qualities : — 



Horse manure is the most uniform of all, because the horse's 

 food is the most uniform, and generally of the same kind. It is 

 a rich manure, and ferments quickly, producing much heat. It 

 is known as a hot manure. There are 9.9 pounds of dry excre- 

 ment with .26 pound of nitrogen produced daily by each animal. 

 From 4 to 6 pounds of straw are used daily. 



Sheep manure is, weight for weight, the most valuable of all. 

 It contains more nitrogen and phosphoric acid, but less potash, 

 than horse manure. It does not decompose so readily, and is next 

 to horse manure as a heater. There are .97 pound of dry matter, 

 having .04 pound of nitrogen, produced daily per animal. Three- 

 fifths of a pound of litter is used daily. 



Pig manure is generally rich, does not develop much heat, and 

 is called cold. It should always be mixed with other manure. 

 There are 1.5 pounds of dry matter with .05 pound nitrogen pro- 

 duced daily per animal. From 4 to 8 pounds of straw daily per 

 animal are recommended. 



Cow manure is very much less constant in composition than that 

 of the horse. It decomposes slowly, with the evolution of little 

 heat. It is the poorest in plant food of any farm manure. There 

 are 9.92 pounds dry matter, having .26 pound nitrogen, produced 

 daily per animal. From 6 to 10 pounds of straw daily per animal 

 are used. 



Poultry manure resembles guano in composition, but is less valu- 

 able. Its nitrogen is in a very assimilable form. It ferments 

 rapidly. 



Night soil is of high value if immediately and regularly composted, 

 otherwise it loses its good qualtities. 



II. — How Barnyard Manure compares with Other Manures. 



In judging the value of any manure or " fertilizer,"* six points 

 must be borne in mind ; namely, the percentages of nitrogen, pot- 

 ash, phosphoric acid and lime ; fifth, the availabilities of each ; and, 



* In this paper, "manure" and "fertilizer" mean the same thing. 



