37 



For use in spraying there is nothing better than the one-quarter 

 inch hose with improved couplings (Fig. 3), invented by Mr. E. C. 

 Ware of the gypsy moth force. It is light, strong and the coup- 

 lings cannot be forced off. No feature of spraying operations is 

 more exasperating or expensive than the frequent delays caused 



Fig. 3. One-quarter inch hose with improved coupling. From Forbusb, 

 Rept. Mass. Bd. of Agri., 1898. 



by the loosening and leaking of couplings. With the small hose 

 and couplings figured herewith these factors are eliminated. For 

 spray-poles use a one-quarter inch iron gas pipe, 10 feet long, 

 encased in wood, with a coupling at one end for the hose and at 

 the other for the nozzle. 



In spraying operations against the elm-leaf beetle the end to be 

 desired is the thorough covering of the foliage, particularly the 

 under surface, with a mist-like spray. • For this reason nozzles 

 that throw a stream are undesirable as well as being wasteful of 

 the spraying mixture. In our work against the gypsy moth we 

 have found the four-way modified Cyclone nozzle (Fig. 4), to 

 give the most satisfactory spray. Other good nozzles are the 

 Vermorel and Cyclone. 



Fk;. 4. — Improved four-way nozzle. From Forbush, Rept. 

 Mass. Bd. of Agri., 1898. 



It is not necessary to use glucose to cause arsenate of lead to 

 adhere to the foliage. Experiments made under the direction of 

 the gypsy moth committee have shown that no substantial gain is 

 made by the use of glucose, a result that has been confirmed by 

 the independent investigations of City Forester Gale at Springfield. 



Arsenate of Lead. — This insecticide is now generally used 

 against the elm-leaf beetle and possesses the merits of being harm- 

 less to the foliage and of adhering to it in an effective condition 

 for a long period. It is prepared by mixing a solution of arsenate 

 of soda with a solution of acetate or nitrate of lead, when arsenate 



