ANAPHYLAXIS 63 



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experimentally will neutralize the action of these two substances. 

 The complement being the really responsible potent factor in all 

 these reactions it may be assumed to have two binding affinities, 

 one to the cells which it designs to help and another effect upon 

 antigen. If the former be absorbed in any abnormal manner 

 the latter is valueless. 



Cell Receptor and Immune Bodies (follow Fig. 18). First Order: 

 I Simple union of toxins (soluble) and fixed or free receptors or antil 

 ! toxins; no complement needed. 



Second Order : Concerns agglutination and precipitation. Anti- 

 gen has two affinities, one for the haptophore of anti-body, another 

 for the agglutinin of the anti-body. The anti-body must therefore 

 have reversed corresponding fractions. The zymophore of anti- 

 body acts when the two haptophores have united and produces 

 the agglutination or precipitation. No complement is needed. 



Third Order : Concerns bacteriolysins, hemolysins or bacterioly- 

 sins, etc. ; have haptophore for anti-body, and a toxophore. Anti- 

 body has haptophore for antigen and for the haptophore of the 

 complement. The union of the three must occur. Complement 

 is necessary for the destruction of the bacteria which it accom- 

 plishes through its zymophore. 



Anaphylaxis. Against protection, the opposite of prophylaxis; 

 also called Hypersusceptibility. This phenomenon, first de- 

 scribed by Theobald Smith, Portier and Richet, consists in a 

 condition of extreme sensitiveness of animals against foreign pro- 

 teins. If a guinea pig be injected into the peritoneum with a 

 minute quantity, say M>000 g ram > of horses' serum and eight to 

 ten days later receive a quantity of Ko g ram > the animal will be- 

 come uneasy, then depressed, have dyspnea, scratch itself vio- 

 lently about the face and finally die after an intensification of 

 these symptoms. Similar symptoms have been observed in per- 

 sons receiving diphtheria anti-toxin therapeutically. The condi- 

 tion of high sensitivity to this anti-toxin is called allergie and 

 upon its degree depends the reaction following anti-toxin admin- 



