ANTI-TYPHOID VACCINATION 8 1 



at 6oC., and preserved with lysol. After the injection there is 

 often redness and pain at the site of inoculation, some fever and 

 lymphangitis. The method at present in use in the United 

 States is to employ a twenty-four hour agar slant or bouillon 

 culture, killed by heating as above; these are suspended in 

 saline with trikresol or phenol and counted in a hemocytometer. 

 In order to control the toxicity of this suspension a mouse is in- 

 jected subcutaneously with a billion; it should live at least five 

 days. The doses are 500 million, 1,000 million and 1,000 million 

 eight to ten days apart. 



The results of Col. F. F. Russell, U. S. A., a man who has had 

 much experience, since he was in charge of the army vaccinations, 

 are interesting and instructive. He says : 



1. " Anti- typhoid vaccinations in healthy persons is a harmless 

 procedure. 



2. It confers almost absolute immunity against infection. 



3. It is the principal cause of the immunity of our troops 

 against typhoid in the recent Texas maneuvers. 



4. The duration of the immunity is not yet determined, but 

 is assuredly two and one-half years and probably longer. 



5. Only in exceptional cases does its administration cause an 

 appreciable degree of personal discomfort. 



6. It apparently protects against the chronic bacillus carriers, 

 and is at present the only means by which a person can be pro- 

 tected against typhoid under all conditions. 



7. All persons whose profession or duty involves contact with 

 the sick should be immunized. 



8. The general vaccination of an entire community is feasible 

 and could be done without interfering with general sanitary 

 improvements and should be urged wherever the typhoid rate 

 is high." 



The wisdom of these conclusions has been abundantly proven 

 in our army during the World War when practically no typhoid 

 fever occurred in vaccinated men. It might be added that no 



