82 IMMUNITY 



immunizing procedure is perfect and this one does not justify 

 the drinking of water known to be polluted. 



Vaccination against all the typhoid fevers, due to the typhoid 

 bacillus, the paratyphoid bacillus A and B, can be accomplished 

 by combining these organisms in one vaccine. The form now in 

 common use, as employed by our armed forces, is one suspension 

 in each cubic centimeter of which are contained 1,000 million 

 typhoid bacillus, 750 million of paratyphoid A and 750 million 

 of paratyphoid B. Three doses, .5 c.c., i c.c. and i c.c are given 

 ten days apart. This makes a total of 6,250 million organisms 

 injected. 



Vaccination Against Pneumococcus Infections 



Experiences in South Africa by Lister and in the American 

 Army by Cecil seem to hold out encouragement for the prophy- 

 laxis of pneumonia by vaccines of the respective coccus. The 

 types of pneumococci prevalent in a district must be determined 

 and used in the suspension. The preparations employed by 

 Cecil contained the three fixed American types and were given 

 in doses of 6,000 million four times at six to eight day intervals. 

 Under war conditions some advantage was observed but available 

 data are too few to form a general evaluation. Experimenta- 

 tion and human experience indicate the harmlessness of this 

 procedure and use is recommended. The action of the vaccine 

 seems to be stimulation of opsonins and of bacteriolysins. 



Vaccination Against Diphtheria 



According to the experiments of Behring, Theobald Smith and 

 W. H. Park it is perfectly feasible and without danger to immun- 

 ize children against diphtheria. As already mentioned immuni- 

 zation of horses is begun with nearly neutral toxin-anti-toxin 

 mixtures. For immunization of children only such are used. 

 Solutions of the toxin and anti- toxin are made to contain i unit 



