DIPHTHERIA BACILLUS 207 



glanders, or farcy, and the avenue of infection determines the 

 clinical form of the disease. The mucous membrane and the skin 

 are the chief places of infection. A primary ulcer is formed in the 

 mucous membrane of the nose, or in the skin. Subsequently, the 

 lymph-glands and the lungs may be infected. Guinea pigs are 

 easily infected. White and gray mice, and rats are immune. For 

 purposes of diagnosis guinea pigs are inoculated, but care must be 

 used, as several fatal cases have occurred in laboratory workers, 

 it being a treacherous organism with which to work. In infected 

 animals, it produces a rapid and marked inflammatory reaction, 

 with the formation of pus. Certain "buds," or nodules are 

 formed, which are between an abscess and a tubercle in structure. 



The diagnosis of doubtful cases may be made by injecting the 

 material into the peritoneum of male guinea pigs. A violent 

 suppurative orchitis occurs from which the rods can be cultivated. 

 The poisons are endo-toxic. 



Agglutinations. It has been shown by McFadyean that the 

 blood of infected horses exhibits markedly agglutinative properties 

 toward the glanders bacilli. Normal horse serum clumps often as 

 high as 1-400. Diagnostic reactions should be i-iooo, supported 

 by complement fixation and the Mallein test. A slight immunity 

 is present after an attack. Complement fixation may be attained 

 with the serum of an infected horse by using an antigen of glanders 

 bacilli grown on glycerine broth, killed and filtered. 



Mallein. In old cultures a peculiar tuberculin-like substance 

 (mallein) is formed from the bodies of the bacilli themselves, and 

 in the bouillon. This is thermostabile and if injected into animals 

 having glanders, produces a marked reaction (see page 86). 



DIPHTHERIA BACILLUS 



Corynebacterium Diphtherias (Loftier). 



Bacillus Diphtheria. 

 Klebs-Loffler Bacillus. 

 Diphtheria Bacillus. 



