240 ANIMAL PARASITES 



mixtures such as Irishman's, Romano wsky's, etc., the nucleus, 

 centrosome and flagella, staining deepest. Thus far the T. gam- 

 biense has not been cultivated in artificial media. 



Novy has succeeded in growing the T. lewisii and T. brucei on 

 agar mixed with defibrinated rabbit's blood. These are the first 

 animal parasites to be cultivated artificially. 



Trypanosomiasis of South America is not unlike sleeping-sick- 

 ness of Africa. It is caused by Tr. cruzi, a parasite of eight spores 

 developing in organs, serum or red cells. It is transmitted by 

 Conorrhinus megistus, a large insect. 



In Dum Dum fever or Kala Azar, a disease characterized by 

 wasting, anemia, fever and splenomegaly occurring in India, 

 curious bodies, called Leishmann-Donovan bodies, have been 

 found. These resemble the malarial plasmodia roughly, and if 

 cultivated on blood agar elongated herpetomas-like bodies with- 

 out undulating membranes will develop. They are to be found 

 in the juice obtained by splenic puncture lying within cells, espe- 

 cially endothelium and large lymphocytes; on rare occa- 

 sions they have been met in the blood. The transmission is 

 not certainly known but may be by the bed-bug or by fleas. 



Trichomonas vaginalis and intestinalis. are flagellates which 

 are apparently able to set up some inflammatory irritation in the 

 places indicated by their special names. 



TREPONEMA PALLIDUM (Schaudinn) 



(Spirochaeta Pallida.) 



Treponema Pallidum. There has been some discussion as to 

 the proper classification but now this organism is usually placed 

 among the Flagellata, genus Treponema. It does not possess an 

 undulating membrane, is flagellated, is of stiff and regular shape, 

 and multiplies by longitudinal division. 



Morphology and Stains. This organism is extremely delicate 

 in structure, from 4 to 14/4 in length and about .3/4 in width; has 



