SCARLET FEVER 263 



transmitted by the mosquito, Culex fagitans. The virus is in 

 the blood-stream. One attack gives immunity; little is known 

 of the virus. 



Three-day or Sand-fly Fever. A mild infectious disease 

 chiefly of southeastern Europe, due to a virus which will pass 

 through a bacteria-proof filter and is transmitted by the sand-fly, 

 Phlebotomus pappatacii. Cultures have not been obtained. 



Typhus Fever or Spotted Fever. An acute epidemic disease 

 with prolonged course, prostration, a macular eruption, ending by 

 crisis, transmitted by the body louse, Pediculus vestamenti. The 

 virus is filterable but is obtained with difficulty. It is found best 

 toward the end of the fever. It may be transmitted to monkeys. 

 It is destroyed quickly at 52C. Brill's disease is a mild typhus 

 fever. A Gram-positive anaerobic non-motile bacillus .2-.6 X 

 .9-2/1, has been described as inhabiting the blood in typhus. As 

 claims to being the cause of the disease one finds that injection 

 causes a distinct febrile reaction in guinea pigs and the culture 

 may be used as antigen in a complement fixation test. 



Poliomyelitis. An acute infectious disease, chiefly of children 

 characterized by a short febrile attack, followed by a rapidly 

 appearing paralysis in various muscles. Means of transmission 

 from child to child is unknown, but it has lately been shown that 

 the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, can transmit it from monkey 

 to monkey. Greater weight is, however, laid upon transmission 

 from person to person by contact and the emanations from the 

 upper respiratory; this idea gains in value because monkeys can be 

 infected by nasal washings from patients during the disease. The 

 virus is in the central nervous system, lymphatic system, blood, 

 succus entericus, nasal mucous and various organs. It is said to 

 be constantly in the nasal mucosa of not only patients but of the 

 well in their vicinity. This is supposed to be its portal of entry to 

 the body. It is transmitted to monkeys by injecting emulsions 

 of the virus-containing parts into the brain, blood-stream or 

 peritoneum. It can be filtered through porcelain. It resists 



