290 BACTERIOLOGY 



Section D), and staining deeply with saffranine, and a 

 nucleolus can often be seen. 



Kartulis succeeded in obtaining pure cultures by inocu- 

 lating alkaline infusion of straw with some of the contents 

 of a liver abscess in which no bacteria were present. In 

 twenty-four to forty-eight hours, at 35 to 38 C., a mem- 

 brane forms on the surface, consisting of young amoebae, 

 which are mixed with bacteria when the culture is not quite 

 pure. Injection of a pure culture into the rectum, followed 

 by tying of the anus, caused swelling and erosions of the 

 mucous membrane in cats. Eectal injections of dysenteric 

 stools have also been often, though not always, successful 

 in causing similar diseased conditions. No result followed 

 when amoebae were administered by the mouth. 



Protozoa in carcinoma. As far back as 1847 Virchow 

 observed certain inclusions in tumour cells, some of which 

 are judged from his plates to have been similar to the 

 bodies now regarded in many quarters as parasitic protozoa. 

 They were variously explained at the time, and it was not 

 until 1888-89 that their nature began to be seriously dis- 

 cussed in connection with a possible causative influence in 

 cancer. A number of observations were published in 1889, 

 perhaps the most important being that of Malassez and 

 Albarran (in the affirmative), and since then many researches 

 have been carried on, amongst the more recent of which the 

 observations of Euffer and Walker l in England especially 

 (which have been since confirmed by Burchardt and Foa), 

 and those of Soudakewitch and of Steinhaus on the 

 Continent, must be mentioned. Many of the observers seem 

 to have been misled by various other appearances, but some 

 of the earlier investigations and most of the later concur in 

 showing that a peculiar body is practically always present 



1 Journ. of Pathol. and Bacterial, October 1892. This paper is beauti- 

 fully illustrated with chromo-lithographs, which see. 



