PATHOGENIC BACTERIA. 107 



fever, though their death has been caused by injection of the 

 bacilli into the veins of the ear. 



In man it has been found in the urine, blood, sputum, milk, 

 intestinal discharges, roseolar spots, and in various organs, as 

 spleen, liver, lymphatic glands, and intestinal villi. 



It is found in secretions several days after the attack has sub- 

 sided. It is found only in this disease, and regularly. 



Way of Infection. The bacilli in the dejecta of the diseased 

 person find their way into drinking water, milk, or dirty clothes, 

 and so into the alimentary tract of a person predisposed to the 

 disease. They enter the blood through the lymphatics, and so 

 become lodged in various organs. 



Products. Bri.eger found a ptomaine in the cultures which he 

 named typhotoxin with the formula C 9 H 17 NO.,. It has no 

 specific action. A toxalbumen insoluble in water has also been 

 isolated, but, as experiment animals are immune to the disease, 

 no definite actions have yet been determined. 



The cultures, when old, show an acid reaction. 



Bacillus Neapolitans. (Emmerich.) 



Origin. During the cholera epidemic in Naples, in 1884, 

 Emmerich found this bacillus in the blood and intestinal dis- 

 charges of cholera-suffering patients. He supposed it to be the 

 real cause of cholera ; but since then it has been shown to be 

 nothing more than the Faeces bacillus which Brieger described, 

 and which is found in fa3ces of healthy persons, in the air and 

 various putrefactive processes. 



.Form. Very much like the typhoid bacillus, short rods with 

 rounded ends with oval spaces in them as the typhoid. 



Properties. Immobile, differing thus markedly from typhoid. 

 Do not liquefy gelatine. 



Growth. They are facultative anasrobic ; they grow more 

 rapidly than the typhoid, and endure cold and heat better than 

 they do. 



Colonies. They are exactly the same as typhoid the same 

 whetstone-shaped deep ones and the leaf-shaped surface ones. 



Potato. A thick yellow-brown pasty layer is formed instead 

 of the transparent almost invisible growth of the typhoid 

 bacillus. 



