PATHOGENIC BACTERIA. 131 



Bouillon. Adding glucose to the bouillon gives a medium in 

 which an abundant growth occurs. 



Staining. All the ordinary stains, Gram's method also ; the 

 spores being colored in the usual way. 



Pathogenesis. A small amount of the pure culture injected 

 under the skin of experiment animals will cause, in two to three 

 days, death from true tetanus, the tetanic condition starting 

 from the point of infection. At the autopsy nothing characteristic 

 or abnormal is found, and the bacilli have disappeared, except 

 near the point of entrance. This fact is explained as follows : 



Several toxic products have been obtained from the cultures, 

 and they are produced in the body, and give rise to the morbid 

 symptoms. These have been isolated, and when injected singly 

 cause some of the tetanic symptoms. The virus enters the 

 circulation, but does not remain in the tissues. 



Four ptomaines among them : tetanin, tetanotoxin, and spas- 

 motoxin ; also a toxalbumen. 



Immunity. Kitasato, by inoculation of sterilized cultures, 

 has been able to cause immunity from the effects of virulent 

 bacilli. 



An anti-toxin obtained by Tizzoni and Cattani from the serum 

 of animals made immune by sterilized cultures has been used 

 with curative effects in several cases of tetanus in man. It is 

 a globulin, but differs from the anthrax anti-toxin, and it is 

 found exclusively in the serum. By precipitation with alcohol 

 and drying in vacuo, the anti-toxin is obtained in a solid state. 

 The aqueous solution is used for injection subcutaneously. 



Habitat. The bacillus is present in garden earth, in manure ; 

 and even from mortar it has been isolated. 



The earth of special districts seems to contain the bacilli in 

 greater quantities than in others. 



Bacillus (Edematis Maligni. (Koch.) 



Vibrion Septique. ( Pasteur. ) 



Origin. In garden earth, found lately also in man, in severe 

 wounds when gangrene with oedema had developed. Identical 

 with the bacillus found in Pasteur's septicaemia. 



Form. Rods somewhat smaller than the anthrax bacilli, the 

 ends rounded very sharply. Long threads are formed. Very 



