Micro-organisms of Maple Sap t75 



PART 111 

 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN BACTERIA OCCURRING 



IN MAPLE SAP 



By II. A. Edson and C. W. Carpenter 



(A.) DESCRIPTION OF BACILLUS ACERIS 

 (new species) 



Summary oe Characters 



I. Occurrence and Character 



The bacillus occurs as the causal organism in a certain type 

 of stringy maple sap. in which it produces an acid reaction and 

 milky appearance. It seriously affects the clearness and flavor of 

 sirup and also causes an increase in the content of invert sugar. 



II. Morphology 



1. Form. — A bacillus, with rounded ends, occurring- singl) 

 or in chains. 



2. Size: — .9 to 1 micron by 1.5 to 3 micron-. 



3. Agar hanging block. — Organisms occur as single rods or 

 in long chains according to the amount of moisture present. 

 Orientation of chains either parallel or irregular. 



4. Endospores. — Xot found. 



5. Motility. — Very actively motile in liquid media and fre- 

 quently also on solid media. Two to 7 peritrichiate flagella 

 readily demonstrated by either Lowit's. Loefflers or the Pitfield 

 method. 



6. Capsule. — Slight capsulation when grown in maple sap, 

 milk or on certain carbohydrate agars. 



7. Involution forms. — Vacuolation occasionally observed on 

 potato. 



8. Staining reactions. — Organisms stained readily with [-10 

 watery fuchsin. gentian violet, carbol fuchsin, and Loeffler's al- 

 kaline methylene blue. Not stained by Gram's method. 



