L84 Bulletin [67 



Cultural Characters 



METHODS 



The culture media employ eel in this work were carefully pre- 

 pared following closely the directions given in Smith's "Bacteria 

 in Relation to Plant Diseases" and the publications of the Ameri- 

 can Public Health Association. Distilled water of a high degree 

 of purity was used unless otherwise stated. The formula em- 

 ployed for preparing- nutrient broth was 10 grams Witte's pep- 

 tone, 5 grams of Liebig's extract of beef, and one liter of distilled 

 water. Sodium chlorid was used only when so stated. All agar 

 media contained 1.5$ of agar flour. The reaction of media con- 

 taining nutrient broth was +10 Fuller's scale unless otherwise 

 noted. Titrations were made upon 5 cc. of medium diluted with 

 distilled water to 50 cc. The reaction was determined in hot 

 solution with N/20 sodium hydroxid against phenolphthalein. 

 All transfers except those for determining spore formation were 

 made from broth cultures 1 to 3 days old or from dilutions of 

 the same in water or, for some special purposes, in liquid culture 

 media. Transfers to fluid media were made with a 2 mm. plati- 

 num-iridium loop, and those to solid media with a straight needle. 

 Exceptions are noted in special cases as they occur. 



Agar stroke. — Cultures developed good growth within 24 

 hours, which was moderate in amount, varying from a filiform 

 line to an cchinulately bordered, rather broad band. The eleva- 

 tion varied from raised to broadly umbillicate, with a surface at 

 first smooth but becoming faintly papillate and contoured in 4 or 

 5 days. Cultures 2 weeks or more old showed long villous or 

 sometimes fleecy outgrowths into the substratum. The growth 

 was translucent, accompanied by slight opalescence and a glisten- 

 ing luster. The culture was of slimy or butyrous consistency 

 without definite color, developing no discoloration of the medium. 

 The tubes gave off a mild yeasty odor. 



Agar stab. — Young stab cultures in agar showed a growth 

 which at first was uniform along the line of puncture, later be- 



