302 GEOLOGY OF THE SECOND DISTRICT. 



Lisbon. The surface of Lisbon is generally level, the south part being the most uneven. 

 The calcifcrous sandrock appears near the centre of the town, and its dip is here nearly east. 

 It is, as usual, filled with calcareous spar, and contains the earthy looking material which is 

 often taken for oxide of iron. It contains the Orthis and broken columns of encrinitcs, and 

 has a resemblance to some of the strata at Chazy. Upon its surface, fucoids are more or less 

 common. The surface weathers to a drab color, as at other places. 



This town contains an inexhaustible quantity of peat. A large morass or swamp, which 

 runs through the south part, is one immense peat bog, extending over several thousand acres. 



Madrid. The general features of this town do not vary essentially from those of Lisbon, 

 but it is more sandy, and the subsoil is more argillaceous. One mile south-southwest from 

 Waddington, the calcifcrous sandrock appears in place : its texture is coarse, and it is more 

 gritty than usual ; color drab, or greyish brown. The layers contain calcareous spar, as 

 usual. The strata are nearly horizontal, dipping only slightly to the east-southeast. The 

 drab colored strata have been used with success for a hydraulic lime ; and they are also used 

 as a building material, for which they are well adapted. 



Several beds of peat have been discovered in this town ; one near the half-way house 

 between Columbia and Waddington ; another, about a mile from Waddington ; and another, 

 half a mile from this place, on the road leading to Massena. Several more of small extent might 

 be given, and most of the low wet grounds are in fact peat marshes. Upon the surface, the 

 boulders are granite, hypersthene rock, sienite and limestone, in which are abundance of 

 fossils of the trenton rock. 



Louisville. The rock of this section appears at Redington's mills, on the De Grasse 

 river : it dips northeast-north. It is fine grained, and of a dark color. Peat abounds in all 

 the low grounds. Many of the morasses in which peat is so abundant, appear to have been 

 swept out by currents of water, and their course is generally parallel with the St. Lawrence 

 river. 



Norfolk. At both villages in this town, calcifcrous sandstone rises above the surface, and 

 at each place it forms trhe bed of the Racket river : it dips northeast-north. It also occurs 

 three miles above Atwater falls, and continues uninterrupted to the falls. Bog ore is found in 

 this place in considerable quantities. 



Massena. The calcifcrous sandrock has been long used for lime, and large quantities are 

 furnished to the British provinces for the public works. The color of the mass is a light 

 drab. This variety possesses the same characters as that at Chazy, having a very compact 

 structure or fine grain, and breaking with a conchoidal fracture. Dip northeast-north. 



The boulders of Massena belong to the primary rocks and the trenton limestone, being 

 similar to those already described as covering the surface at Hogansburgh, and which were 

 supposed to have been brought from the vicinity of Montreal. 



A hepatic spring, of some importance, has long been resorted to for the cure of cutaneous 

 diseases. It is a few feet only above the level of the river ; rises from a bed of clay, and 

 discharges nitrogen, or a gas which extinguishes llame. It contains in solution a highly deli- 

 quescent salt. 



