THE FLOWER 



225 



ring to the fact that the insertion of the other parts is 

 under the ovary. 



Hypogyny is very largely displayed among flowers, but 

 there is to be observed a tendency in some to carry the 

 insertion of the outer parts higher up. When the outer 

 parts arise from the rim of an urn-like outgrowth from the 



Fig. 205. Flowers of Rose family: 1, a hypogynous 

 flower of Polentilla. sepals, petals, and stamens 

 arising from beneath the head of carpels; S. a 

 perigynous flower of Alchemilla, sepals, petals, 

 and stamens arising from rim of urn-like pro- 

 longation of the receptacle, which surrounds the 

 carpel ; 3. an epigynous flower of the common 

 apple, in which all the parts seem to arise from 

 the top of the ovary, two of whose loculi are 

 seen.— After Focke. 



receptacle, which surrounds the pistil or pistils, the flower 

 is said to be perigynous (Figs. 205, 2, 206), meaning " around 

 the pistil." Finally, the insertion is carried above the ovary, 

 and sepals, petals, and stamens seem to arise from the top 

 of the ovary (Fig. 205, 3), such a flower being epigynous, 

 the outer parts appearing "upon the ovary." In such a 

 case the ovary does not appear within the flower, but below 

 it (Figs. 205, 252, 261), and the flower is often said to have 

 an "inferior ovary." 



123. Apocarpous to syncarpous flowers. — In the simpler 

 flowers the carpels are entirely distinct, each carpel organ- 



