258 



PLANT STRUCTURES 



The only advanced character in the flowers as described 

 above is the syncarpous pistil, but in the great allied pepper 

 family (Piperacece) of the tropics, with its one thousand 

 species, and most nearly represented in our flora by the 



Pig. 242. Ovule of hornbeam (Carpinus), showing chalazogamy: m, the micropyle; 

 pt, the pollen tube, which may be traced to its entrance into the embryo-sac at its 

 antipodal end, and thence upward through the sac toward the egg.— After Mart 

 Ewart. 



lizard-tail (Saururus) of the swamps (Fig. 195), the flowers 

 are not merely naked, but also apocarpous, and the whole 

 structure is much like that of the simplest Monocotyle- 



