they happen to come in contact becomes entrusted with 

 limy scales. The plants of the lake in particular, are acted 

 upon in this manner and are materially increased in weight and 

 bulk, thereby augmenting the vegetative and mineral deposits 

 upon the lake bottom. 



Upon a level with this beach and on the northern side ot 

 this embayment are located many deposits of shells and vege- 

 table remains. These deposits are in the bogs before men- 

 tioned. The nature of the soil of the bog is such that it will 

 preserve from oxidation and destruction any fossil remains 

 either of vegetative or animal nature and especially important 

 for the point at hand, calcareous shells. These shells are those 

 of lacustrine life, hence in these bogs may be found well preser- 

 ved relics of past years which aid in the interpretation of the 

 natural history of the region. Apart from these bogs the 

 soil has not aided in protecting these plant and animal re- 

 mains from total destruction either by oxidation or by the 

 root acids in the soil. It is practically a waste of time to 

 search through sandy soil or through soil much exposed to the 

 forces of weathering for remains such as are spoken of for the 

 reason that they will be entirely consumed in oxidation. In 

 these bogs are large deposits of univalve and bivalve shells. 

 The univalves, although plentiful, do not necessarily give evi- 

 dence of lake life for it is well known that they frequent both 

 the waters of lakes and springs. The existence of the uni- 

 valves in the bogs alone and separate from any other evidence, 

 furnishes only valueless and unconvincing proof for the bogs 

 are or have been associated with the springs.but the occurrence 

 ot tne bivalve shells with them renders the conclusion more 

 certain. The bivalves are, on the other hand, never found 

 apart from lake-life and therefore never in springs, so that the 

 existence of the lake level formerly at this point is demonstra- 

 ted. It is proven in three ways. First, geologically, by the 

 detailed account of the probable formation of the beach men- 

 tioned; second, botanically, by the zones of Salix nigra willows 

 lining the beach after their habit and lifehistory is recognized; 

 third, zoologically, by the numerous deposits of shell life in 

 the bogs now existing on a level with the beach and in the 

 close proximity thereto. This one case of verifying scientific 



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