consist of particles and fragments of shells from mussels down 

 to univalves. However, when the extreme depth of these 

 marl deposits and beaches, which ranges from two to twenty 

 feet, and the size of the lake together with its life capacity is 

 considered, there certainly seems to be a discrepancy in com- 

 parisons. Probably all of the deposit is not made up of min- 

 eral calcareous matter from the springs, or of animal calcare- 

 ous matter, but in addition to both of these there is a third 

 element, viz.; the remains of lake vegetation which formerly 

 was, while growing-, encrusted with a limy covering. Nothing 

 aside from close chemical examination would satisfactorily 

 determine the solution to the question, whether these exten- 

 sive deposits depend upon the mineral deposits of the springs 

 upon the remains of shells, or upon the lacustrine vegetation. 

 The deposits must have covered an area commensurate with 

 that of the ancient lake for at points some distance from the 

 present lake margin, marl deposits have been found with evi- 

 dence indicating that they were continuous with those of the 

 present lake. At several points about the lake, canals have 

 been dug, and in all instances deep beds of marl have been 

 unearthed. There is above this bed a thick solid layer of peat 

 about a foot and a half in thickness. It would be interesting 

 to compare a chemical analysis of this ancient marl, so old as 

 to have a dry solid bed of peat covering eighteen inches, with 

 one of the present time. 



There is in the area here a dearth of the boulders gener- 

 ally seen in the till of glaciated countries. Those that are here 

 are small and do not at all compare with the great masses of 

 them either in Michigan or Wisconsin. Neither do they com- 

 pare in the variety seen in the fields mentioned. A part 

 of this dearth is due no doubt, to the greater distance from the 

 original location of the rock outcropping.many being dropped 

 by the way. Again the reduction in size was probably affect- 

 ed by the increased allotment of time in transit which means 

 of course, continuance of the grinding process by the ice. 

 The prevailing boulder is dolomite. Then comes the granite, 

 usually very numerous and large in glaciated countries but 

 here very small. Diabases are few and also quite small. 

 Some Jasper conglomerates are to be found scattered on the 

 till surface. One of these appears in one of the figures of the 

 report. 



