CONTENTS 



PAGE 



CHAPTER I 



THE AIMS AND METHODS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL RESEARCH 



I. THE PROBLEM OF PHYSIOLOGY 2 



II. THE HISTORY OF PHYSIOLOGICAL RESEARCH 6 



A. The Earliest Times. B. The Period of Galen. C. The Period 

 of Harvey. D. The Period of Haller. E. The Period of Johannes 

 Miiller 



III. THE METHOD OF PHYSIOLOGICAL RESEARCH 28 



A. The Past Achievements of Physiological Research. B. The 

 Relation of Psychology to Physiology. 1. The Question of the 

 Limits of a Knowledge of Nature. 2. Physical World and Mind. 

 3. Psycho-monism. C. Vitalism. D. Cell-Physiology 



CHAPTER II 



LIVING SUBSTANCE 



I. THE COMPOSITION OF LIVING SUBSTANCE 55 



A. The Individualisation of Living Substance. 1. The Cell as 

 an Elementary Organism. 2. General and Special Cell-consti- 

 tuents. 3. Multinucleate Cells and Syncytia. B. The Morpho- 

 logical Nature of Living Substance. 1. The Form and Size of 

 the Cell. 2. Protoplasm, a. The Solid Constituents of Proto- 

 plasm, b. The Ground-substance of Protoplasm. 3. The Cell- 

 Nucleus, a. The Form of the Nucleus. 6. The Substance of 

 the Nucleus, c. The Structure of the Nucleus. C. The Physical 

 Properties of Living Substance. 1. The Consistency of Living 

 Substance. 2. The Specific Gravity of Living Substance. 3. The 

 Optical Properties of Living Substance. D. The Chemical Pro- 

 perties of Living Substance. 1. The Organic Elements. 2. The 



