8 GEOGRAPHICAL CONCENTRATION. 



list with 14.96 per cent of the total crop, the old rye-pro- 

 ducing states of New York and Pennsylvania stood second 

 and third, respectively, with a combined production amount- 

 ing to 23.96 per cent of the total. 



While the total production of buckwheat in the United 

 States is inconsiderable, it is contributed to, to a greater or 

 less extent, by every state in the Union except Louisiana 

 and Nevada, and every territory except Arizona and Okla- 

 homa. At six successive decennial censuses, however, over 

 60 per cent of the total production has been grown in New 

 York and Pennsylvania, there being a difference of only 0.52 

 per cent in the proportion contributed by those states when 

 the total crop of the country was 17,571,818 bushels and 

 when it was only 7,291,743 bushels. 



It is, however, in the distribution of the area under barley 

 that we encounter the greatest anomalies, so far as the 

 cereals are concerned. This grain has an exceedingly wide 

 climatic range, its limit of successful cultivation extending 

 farther north than that of any other cereal, while it can also 

 be profitably grown in sub-tropical regions. It is cultivated 

 with great success in Arizona, and at the Tenth Census a 

 larger proportion of the total barley crop of the country was 

 found to have been grown where the annual rainfall was less 

 than 15 inches than of the total crop of any other cereal. 

 Notwithstanding all this, however, barley has always been 

 distinguished for the density of its area of principal produc- 

 tion. In 1839 the state of New York produced 60.56 per 

 cent of the total crop of the country, or over seven times as 

 much as was produced by any other state. In 1849 the pro- 

 duction of New York had increased to 69.38 per cent of the 

 total, or more than ten times that of any other state. In 

 1859 California had come to the front, contributing 27.90 per 

 cent of the total production, as compared with 26.45 P er cent 



