96 STUDIES IN GEOLOGY, No. 4 



Engelhardt although much like the existing Omphalea 

 diandra Linne of the region from the Antilles to Brazil and 

 eastern Peru, is based upon material which is not conclusive. 

 The genus comprises about a dozen tropical American spe- 

 cies, mostly shrubby climbers. The second, Tetraplandra 

 longifolia Engelhardt is represented by well characterized 

 material similar tx> the modern Brazilian Tetraplandra Lean- 

 dri Baillon. The genus, which is shrubby, contains only the 

 last and one other existing Brazilian species. It is not at 

 all certain that the fossil should not be referred to the allied 

 genus Mabea Aublet, which it much resembles, and which 

 contains about 16 existing species of trees and shrubby 

 climbers of the Brazilian Guiana region. The third species 

 is referred by Engelhardt with a query to the oriental 

 genus Mallotus and compared with the existing Mallotus 

 oreophilus Miiller, paniculatus Miiller and albus Miiller. 

 That it does not represent a species of this genus is I think 

 obvious. It is undoubtedly euphorbiaceous but finds its 

 closest allies in certain existing South American tropical 

 species of Aleurites, Jatropha and Manihot. 



The order Sapindales contains five Chilean fossil species 

 representing the families Ilicacese, Celastraceae and Sapin- 

 daceae. The first is referred to the genus Ilex and is of 

 doubtful value. The second is represented by two nominal 

 species of Maytenus neither of which is very convincing. 

 The third is represented by what appears to be a correctly 

 identified species of Sapindus, and a species of Thouinia 

 close to the existing Thouinia decandra H & B of Central 

 America. The latter genus contains about 15 existing species 

 of shrubs and trees of the Central American region. The 

 fossil material is abundant and well characterized and should 

 probably be referred to the genus Allophylus Linne ( Schmi- 

 delia Linne) which is common to all the tropics, with about, 

 half of the existing 100 species American. 



The order Malvales is represented by two species of Tilia- 

 cese referred to the genus Triumfetta and three species of 



