104 STUDIES IN GEOLOGY, No. 4 



Bignonia has few existing species, which occur in the area 

 between the Antilles and Mexico and Argentina. 



The sole family of the Rubiales present in this fossil flora 

 is the Rubiaceae, with 5 species referred to as many genera. 

 Of these I regard the form referred to Sabicea as entirely 

 unreliable. The others, although represented by a scanty 

 amount of material, are exceedingly like the recent species 

 with which they have been compared. The genus Coussarea 

 embraces about 40 existing Brazilian species of shrubs or 

 trees and the fossil is close to Coussarea nodosa Miiller of 

 Brazil. The genus is represented in eastern Bolivia. 



The Chilean species referred to Psychotria and close to the 

 existing Psychotria grandis Swartz of the American tropics, 

 is notable in that indistinguishable remains occur in the lower 

 Eocene coastal region of the southern United States and 

 thus may indicate a considerable migration southward during 

 the Eocene and Oligocene, although this lacks confirmatory 

 evidence from the other members of the two fossil floras. 

 The genus Psychotria is a large one with several hundred 

 existing species in the tropics of America, Africa, Asia and 

 the East Indies, thus indicating a considerable, even if un- 

 known, geological history. Psychotria is common in eastern 

 Bolivia and is especially prominent in the northern Santa 

 Cruz Sierra. 17 The genus Hoffmannia with a score of exist- 

 ing species ranges from the Antilles and Central American 

 to Brazil. 



In addition to the determined species Engelhardt has 

 recorded two forms of Carpolithus and 9 species of Phyllites, 

 the specific names of the latter suggesting affinities with 

 existing members of the families Polygonaceae, Apocyna- 

 cese, Violacese, Dilleniaceae, Malpighiaceae and Ternstrcemia- 

 ceae. As previously mentioned these are all represented by 

 scanty and imperfect material and I do not regard any but 

 the last as worthy of record. The others may represent these 



Herzog, T., Engler's Jahrb., Bd. 44, p. 393, 1910. 



