DEGENERACY. 211 



by physical weakness. Out of this come the frequent deaths, the 

 stillborn children, and the general incapacity to endure hard work, 

 or bad climate. They cannot work hard, and break down early. 

 They then appear in the county asylum, the city hospital, and the 

 township trustee's office. 



"Third, note the force of heredity. Each child tends to the same 

 life, reverts when taken out." 5 



RAPID REPRODUCTION OF CRIMINALS AND PAUPERS. 



In 1820 Indianapolis had only fifteen families, so these 

 thirty families must have come at some later date. From 1820 to 

 1890 is only 70 years, yet at the latter date there is the criminal 

 or pauper history of 57 persons in the sixth generation. Mr. Mc- 

 Cullock says he has personally known three generations of beggars 

 among them, and his details give less than 20 years to a genera- 

 tion. This is early reproduction accompanied by low mentality, 

 vice and pauperism, and is in marked contrast with the case of 

 Franklin in which there was robust health, great mental power and 

 a period of 108 years from the birth of Franklin back to the birth 

 of his grandfather. 



THE " JUKES." 



Another and more famous family of criminals and paupers is 

 given by Dugdale. 6 In this case the first generation is not definitely 

 located, but the second generation consists of five sisters who were 

 born some time before 1770. Within a little more than 100 years 

 from this time there had been registered 540 criminal and pauper 

 descendants from these sisters, and the total number of their de- 

 scendants was estimated at about 1,200. The first birth in the third 



(5) Quoted by Jordan : Foot-Notes to Evolution, p. 304. 



(6) The Jukes. 



