REPRODUCTION, PUBERTY AND LONGEVITY. 239 



Expectancy of life at the age of 60. 



Healthy English lives J 5-37 years 



All English males I 3-53 years 



Sovereigns of all countries 10.90 years 



Intemperate persons 8.94 years 



Sovereigns are, as much as possible, a succession of the earliest 

 reproductions, and we find them the shortest lived, on the average, 

 of all persons except the intemperate. Not all sovereigns, how- 

 ever, have succeeded to the throne in the ordinary routine, and the 

 same authority states that hereditary princes are less long lived 

 than those who have won their positions by merit. 5 There is also 

 given a table showing the expectancy of different classes at all ages, 

 and the marked advantage of the female of the English peerage 

 over the males brings forth the comment that the contrast between 

 the two is greater than between the sexes of any other recorded 

 group. 6 The females of the English peerage, unlike the males, are 

 not necessarily the earliest reproductions. They may be the latest 

 born or even the product of families outside of the peerage. 



Still more emphatic is the following table: 



Average age of those dying after 5i. 7 



Clergy 69.49 years 



Lawyers 68.41 years 



Literary and scientific 67.55 years 



Artists 65.96 years 



This is a classification that runs exactly parallel with our pre- 

 vious classifications under the head of mental aptitudes, and from 



(5) Ibid., p. 108. 



(6) Ibid., pp. 115 and 120. 



(7) Comparative Longevity, p. 109. 



