PARENTAL AND SEXUAL CHARACTERS 105 



PC By no means uncommon ; in the vast 



Y C majority of these cases the conspicuous 



characters of the young are like those 



of the parents, and, like them, are of 



a warning nature. 



P I A common condition when the species 

 Y I does not form itself into the society or 

 family ; but when families are found, 

 some conspicuous character is almost 

 always found in the parents, which is 

 not present in the young. 



$ C Is very common in all mono-sexual 

 / animals : to protect the more valuable 

 female. 



$ I Very rare and form exceptions to the 

 4 C theory ; can sometimes be explained by 

 their having unusual habits, as in the 

 Phalaropes ; or by their being pro- 

 tectively coloured to different environ- 

 ments, although not at first sight 

 obviously so. 



$ C Not uncommon, and almost always 

 4 C the conspicuous characters are warning. 



$ I Not uncommon ; colour or form may 

 4 / be similar in the two sexes and pro- 

 tective, but they are seldom entirely 



