AND WINE MAKING. 21 



graft, which is familiar to most of my readers, and 

 which the French and Germans use both on cuttings 

 and on one-year-old plants, and which are packed away 

 in sand or sawdust after being grafted in the shop. I 

 have tried this method many times in former years, plant- 

 ing the grafts carefully in the nursery, but never had a 

 success worth mentioning, owing, I suppose, to the time 

 when it was done, and also because there is thus not 

 enough circulation of sap to form an immediate junction 

 and produce a thrifty growth. 



This method is also practiced upon young vines in the 

 vineyard with better results, if done late enough. But 

 it is a more difficult operation, not so easily taught to 

 unskilled hands; necessitates tying, and the cions are 

 more easily moved out of place. So I have abandoned 

 it altogether. I wait until the vines are strong enough 

 to hold the cions firmly, which is generally the case the 

 third or fourth summer, then cleft graft as described, 

 and have at least ninety per cent, to grow, as well as a 

 crop the next summer. This is the most economical, as 

 well as the quickest and easiest way to obtain an even 

 vineyard. French experts concede that by their method 

 of grafting in shop and then planting the grafts in nurs- 

 ery for two years, where they are irrigated and then 

 transplanted into the vineyard, it takes six years to pro- 

 duce a bearing vineyard, while we can do it in four and 

 have but one transplanting to do. True, they claim 

 that experts can do the work, but we can get along with- 

 out experts, and must do so as they are seldom to be 

 had, and then only at high wages. 



The so-called Champin graft, called thus after its in- 

 ventor, Aimee Champin, is only a variation of splice 

 grafting, and hardly needs a separate description. 



A mode of grafting much in vogue in Germany and 

 Hungary, is the green or herbaceous, fully described 

 and illustrated in a treatise published by Prof. Herman 



