AND WINE MAKING. 45 



they appear, but allow all the laterals to grow on this 

 shoot, as it will make it short-jointed and stocky. 



In the fall, prune the young vine back to three buds, if 

 it has grown well ; to one or two, if it is small. A fail- 

 growth for the first season, is from 3 to 4 feet. During 

 the winter, trellises should be provided, as this is the 

 most convenient and the cheapest method of training ; 

 and we expect our vines to grow from 10 to 15 feet the 

 coming summer. Procure good posts, 7 feet long, and 

 3 to 4 inches in diameter, of Red Cedar where it can be 

 had, as this is the most durable ; if that is not at hand, 

 use Osage Orange, Mulberry, Black Locust, or Post Oak. 

 Char the lower ends of the posts slightly, or dip them in 

 coal tar, as far as they go into the ground, to make them 

 more durable. Make holes with a post auger, placing 

 the first post in each row about 4 feet outside of the 

 last vine, and parallel with the row ; set the second post 

 midway between the second and third vines, and so on, 

 so that two vines always occupy the space between two 

 posts. If preferred, every other post can be omitted this 

 summer, and the intermediate ones may be set the next 

 fall, as the trellis will be strong enough to bear the young 

 growth, and that is all it will have to do the next 

 summer. Make the holes 2 feet deep and set the posts 

 firmly, pounding down the ground around them with a 

 small wooden pestle or crowbar. Brace the end post 

 firmly, by driving in a short stake 4 feet from the last 

 ,post, fastening a wire to the top of the post and draw- 

 ing it down and around the stake, as shown in figure 17. 

 Procure No. 12 wire ; bore holes with a half-inch auger 

 through the end post (which should always be rather 

 heavier and square), one near the top of the post, and 

 one or two others, as you wish to make the trellis of two 

 or three wires. If the trellis is to be of only two wires, 

 make the next hole 2 feet below the upper one ; if three 

 wires are to be used, 20 inches below. The three-wire 



