AND WINE MAKING. 67 



That all these systems of training are only applicable 

 to American vines, and the States east of the Eocky 

 mountains, is self-evident. The pruning and training 

 of the Vinifera will be treated on in Part IV of this 

 volume. 



OHAPTEE XVI. 



DISEASES OF THE VINE. 



Fungous diseases of grapes and vines have become 

 very prevalent and destructive throughout the United 

 States, and are formidable indeed if left unchecked. 

 Fortunately, however, remedies have been discovered 

 which, when faithfully and skillfully applied, prove 

 effective as preventives. The grape growers of the 

 country are greatly indebted to the United States De- 

 partment of Agriculture for assistance and advice in 

 this direction. Its first secretary, Hon. Norman J. 

 Colman, was the first to introduce and recommend the 

 Bordeaux mixture, which had been tried in France by 

 Millardet, Foe'x and others. Under his successors, Sec- 

 retaries Rusk and Morton, the work of study and exper- 

 iments has been vigorously and intelligently prosecuted, 

 to the great advantage of all interested in the culture of 

 grapes and fruits of all kinds. The Bordeaux mixture 

 in greatly modified forms, and other fungicides, are now 

 so well established and understood that no one need fear 

 fungous diseases who has energy enough to apply the 

 remedies. The following are, in brief, the principal dis- 

 eases of grapes and vines. 



BLACK ROT (Physalospora Lcestadia Bidwellii 

 Sacc. Viola and Rav.). This is, perhaps, the most 



