AND WINE MAKING. 195 



oughly evened by rolling, or dragging, it must be marked 

 off. For that purpose, about 1200 markers are needed, 

 small redwood sticks a foot in length, and lines, two to 

 reach lengthways and one crossways. First mark the 

 avenues one way, to the most convenient location for 

 delivering the grapes, twelve feet wide, then the inter- 

 secting or cross avenues, by placing a marker along the 

 outside line every six feet and every ten feet on the in- 

 tersecting line. After thus laying off into blocks, or 

 squares, each containing about two acres, we can mark 

 all the squares. This is most accurately and quickly 

 done by four men (two of whom stretch two lines, one 

 on each side of the block, commencing at the second 

 marker), who also take charge of the cross line, the other 

 two doing the marking. The cross line is now stretched 

 from the second marker, drawn tightly and straight, 

 and markers are placed at each intersection. The line 

 is then moved to marker three, which is similarly marked, 

 and so on to the end of the block. 



When the marking is finished, planting is in order, 

 assuming that the ground has been well prepared. Small 

 holes are dug with the spade, always on the upper side 

 of the marker, toward the hill, if hill there be, as nearly 

 perpendicular as possible, and about a foot in depth. 

 The vines or cuttings, as the case may be, should be 

 kept in water while planting. The planters follow the 

 diggers, placing the plant or cutting at the bottom of 

 the hole, the upper end above ground just at the marker. 

 The roots must be covered with well-pulverized, moist 

 earth, firmed around them by pressure with the foot. 

 This is quickly done if the ground has been well pre- 

 pared. All that now remains to be done during the first 

 summer is to keep the ground loose and moist by a fre- 

 quent use of the cultivator, plow and hoe. 



