44 AMERICAN HANDBOOK 



and buckeyes, maples, some birches, ashes, 

 tulip-tree, magnolias, hop horn-bean, Eng- 

 lish buttonwood, the oaks, sweet-chestnut, 

 sophora, and in some parts or situations, 

 lindens and willows. 



38. But it is by no means in the ma- 

 jority of cases that trees are planted for the 

 mere luxury of the shade they afford, or 

 their utility in screening disagreeable ob- 

 jects. They are valued for the effect they 

 have on the landscape; the beauty they ex- 

 hibit in their forms; the cheerfulness that 

 dwells in their foliage; the gayety that bursts 

 from their opening blossoms, charms; and 

 the contrasts they make with each other, 

 please. To these, if they combine harmony 

 with surrounding objects, expression of the 

 artist's ideas, or association with classic his- 

 tory, or remarkable occurrences, they afford 

 additional interest. These are points which 

 few can master thoroughly, without long and 

 careful study. Yet, on the perfection of this 

 knowledge, depends the production of the 

 most pleasing effects from ornamental arbori- 

 culture. 



39. The effect to be produced by trees, 



