194 AMERICAN HANDBOOK 



Cope's measuring seventy-two feet high by 

 twelve feet in circumference. It varies very 

 much in the lobing of the leaves. In dense 

 woods, the leaves are merely sinuated; in 

 open, exposed situations, they are very 

 deeply lobed, nearly pinnatifid. Very com- 

 monly, though not always, the bark is scaly, 

 like the shellbark-hickory. In the fall of the 

 year, the leaves turn to a deep reddish-brown ; 

 in young trees often staying on till spring. 

 It thrives best in dry loams contiguous to 

 streams or moisture. All the species are 

 easily raised from seed sown as soon as 

 ripe, and the best trees are raised from the 

 youngest plants that find an early permanent 

 situation. 



2. Q. AQUATICA, Walter. Leaves somewhat 

 wedge-shaped, narrowed at the base, lobed, 

 smooth. Water-oak. 



Somewhat allied to the Black-Jack, but 

 often growing fifty feet high. It varies very 

 much in its foliage. The best soil for it is a 

 sandy loam contiguous to moisture. It is 

 rather scarce in cultivation. There is a spe- 

 cimen in the garden of John Evans. 



3. Q. BALLOTA, Desfontaines. Leaves ever- 



