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AMERICAN HOME GARDEN. 



one we will call winter pruning, though, for convenience, it is 

 often done in the fall or spring ; the other summer pruning, 

 though performed from the first putting forth of the leaves in 

 spring until the middle of the fall. In addition to which, 

 there is the rarely performed operation of root pruning, which, 

 though more immediately effective if done in August, may be 

 performed at any season. 



rig. 121. 



O. A tree of one year's growth from the bud, cut back. 

 &. A tree of two years' growth from the bud, cut back. 



c. A nursery tree pruned ready for setting out, showing the shoulders where the young 

 branches have been cut off. 



d. An orchard tree ready to come into bearing, with the head opened by winter pruning. 



WINTER PRUNING. 



Winter pruning is the common shortening of seedling stocks 

 when we transplant them into nursery rows, the cutting back 

 and fashioning which we commonly perform in the course of 

 their nursery culture and at their final transplanting, and the 

 annual trimming throughout their mature growth, for forming 

 and strengthening the tree. 



In young trees it is generally called " cutting back," be- 



