GLOSSARY. 315 



to the upper part of the animal's back, where the haunches and body 

 come in contact. 



Curb-bit, also Lever-bit : A bit with a straight or curved lever or rod 

 attached on each side, designed for the purpose of restraining the 

 horse. 



Curb-chain : A chain attached to the upper bar or cheek of the curb- 

 bit, and passed along the chin-groove, from one side of the bit to the 

 other. 



Curb-hook : A hook attached to the curb-chain, and designed to fasten 

 it to the upper bar of the curb-bit ; there are two of these hooks, one 

 on each side of the bit. 



Decompounded : Taken to pieces ; each act, movement, or part of a 

 whole or group, by or of itself. 



Defend: A horse is said to defend himself when he refuses to obey, 

 or attempts to bite, kick, etc. ; he resists, contends. 



Defenses : The resistances made by a horse when required to do any- 

 thing, or when he is ignorant of the acts or movements demanded of 

 him; he becomes alarmed, injured, or malicious, and employs his de- 

 fenses. 



Double bridle : The reins of the curb-bit and bridoon, when both bits 

 are placed together in the horse's mouth. 



Dumb-jockey : A couple of stout sticks or poles, crossed in the form 

 of the letter x, and fastened upon the saddle ; the reins are attached 

 to the upper ends of these, and a hat may be placed upon one of them. 

 Used in training colts. 



Effects : Movements made by the hands, often aided by the leg or 

 whip, which serve to urge the horse forward, backward, to the right, 

 or left ; indications. 



Equestrian : A gentleman rider on horseback. 



Equestrienne : A lady rider on horseback. 



Equine : From equus, Lat. A horse ; pertaining to a horse. 



Equitation : Horseback riding. 



False pannels : Pannels are stuffed pads or flaps, attached to and be- 

 neath certain parts of the saddle, in order to prevent these from in- 

 juring the horse ; when these stuffed pads can be fastened to, or 

 removed from the saddle at pleasure, they are termed " false pannels." 



Fetlock : The tuft of hair that grows upon the back part of the fet- 

 lock joints of many horses' legs, and which hides the ergot or stub of 

 soft horn that lies behind and below the pastern joint. 



Fetlock joint : The joint between the cannon and the upper pastern 

 bone of each foot. 



