4b HORTICULTURAL MANUAL. 



detached the next spring. The Paradise apple stocks are 

 usually propagated in this way, as shown in Fig. 16. 

 Koses and many of the shrubs can be cut back in this way 

 and propagated rapidly by mounding. But the mounding 

 of the tender shoots must be gradual and with care, with 

 fine earth that will not injure the tender growth. At the 

 Xorth the rooted plants must be separated in the fall and 

 wintered in pit or cellar or by quite deep burying outside 



PIG. 16. Mounding of paradise apple and shrubs to secure rooting 

 of the shoots. 



on dry ground. Even rooted shoots of plants as hardy 

 as the gooseberry, mock orange, and bush honeysuckle 

 are apt ifo be injured or killed the first winter after 

 mounding if not cared for as indicated. If mounded 

 shoots do not form roots the first summer they will not 

 fail to make roots the second or third year. But a large 

 number of cultivated plants root the first season. 



52. Summer Layering. This is a method of division 

 effected by bending down and covering shoots at about the 

 completion of spring growth. Usually summer layering 

 is confined to the shoots of the same season's growth. 

 The old plan was to slit the shoot at the point of burial 

 in the soil, as shown in Fig. 17. 



But a better method with young shoots liable to break 

 is to twist the shoot at the point of burial. Severe twist- 



