234 HORTICULTURAL MANUAL. 



from the scion bud without removing the top of the stock. 

 Indeed, we have had the best success where the top has 

 not been cut away until the next season, when the growth 

 of scion is able to use all the sap flow. Koses, shrubs, and 

 other vines can be safely grafted in this way early in the 

 spring and the top cut away when growth begins. 



The common commercial plan used in California on a 

 large scale is quite as successful in the States east of the 

 mountains. By this plan the 

 ordinary cleft grafting (90) is 

 practised, using scions fourteen 

 inches long. If the established 

 stock is not more than half to 

 three fourths of an inch in 

 diameter at the crown only one 

 scion is inserted. But if an 

 scionr i ncn i n Diameter two scions 

 (After Bailey.) are put in one on each side, 



with the bark of stock and scion together, as shown in 

 Fig. 67. 



The use of the long scion or scions is to make use of the 

 sap pressure from the established stocks. The long scions 

 are tied to a small stake for support and are banked to the 

 top bud. Long grafts thus inserted with fruit-buds, 

 often, if permitted, ripen fruit the first year. I have had 

 the best success with the long-scion system when dor- 

 mant scions were inserted after the leaves of the stock had 

 begun to expand and the first heavy sap pressure was over. 

 The inarching (54) method practised for instruction in 

 German school gardens is also worthy the attention of 

 amateurs. Cuttings or plants are started around a culti- 

 vated vine trained on a stake. As the stocks grow upward 

 on small stakes, a branch or shoot of the cultivated variety 

 is inarched on the top shoot of the stock. This union is 



