THE RASPBERRY AND BLACKBERRY. 261 



laying down for winter protection of canes and fruit-buds 

 (249). 



Neat and methodic amateurs grow the plants in stools, 

 as with the red raspberries, but commercial growers by 

 pinching (24?) develop stocky plants 

 which are grown in narrow matted rows. 

 With this plant care is needed in the 

 spring to destroy the weaker shoots and 

 only to permit the strongest to form canes 

 for the next year's fruiting. 



In the spring-pruning the work is de- 

 ferred until the blossom-buds begin to 

 appear, as these buds are often near the 

 ends of the young canes. Some seasons 

 cutting back the tops will destroy all the 

 fruit-buds nearly. But taking out of the 

 old wood must be done in the fall, where 

 laying down is practised. In taking out 

 the canes that have fruited, an imple- 

 ment is used with a handle five feet long, 

 as shown in Fig. 79. 



253. The Dewberry. This vine-like 

 species naturally trails on the ground. 

 Some of the modern varieties, such as 

 Lucretia and Windom, bear large fruit, FIG. 79. Tool 



softer in texture than most blackberries, f r ta k- in g out 



, ' the old canes 

 and they are now found m all our fruit that have borne 



markets. All the cultivated dewberries fruit one sea " 



son. 

 are propagated by covering the tips of 



growth, as with the black-cap raspberry. The best suc- 

 cess in- growing the dewberry has been by training the 

 vines diagonally on wires, as practised with the grape 

 (233). In the fall the vines are cut back, according to 

 their growth and ripening, to from twelve to thirty 



