4 SYSTEMATIC POMOLOGY. 



1780. Manger, in Potsdam, Germany, divides apples into eight 

 classes according to form: round, elliptical, ovate, cylindrical, flat, 

 hyperbolic, parabolic, irregular. These were condensed into three 

 classes: 



a. Regular. 

 I. A. Flat. 6. Plaited at eye. 



c. Plaited and ribbed, 

 a. Regular. 

 II. B. Hyperbolic, b. Plaited at eye. 



c. Plaited and ribbed. 

 a. Regular. 



III. C. Parabolic b. Angular, etc., at eye. 

 c. Ribbed. 



There are good points in this classification which should not have 

 been overlooked. 



THE FIRST NATURAL SYSTEM. 



In 1792 Dr. Diel, of Germany, published a classification of apples 

 based on natural affinities and resemblances, and the merits of this 

 system were soon generally recognized and the system adopted. It 

 was subsequently modified and extended by various writers, but may 

 still be considered the basis of all the natural systems now in use. 

 Diel's classification is as follows: 



Class I. Ribbed Apples (Kantaepfet) . 



1. Around the eye, as well as the fruit as a whole, the apples are 

 very conspicuously ribbed; the ribs are regular and do not make the 

 form irregular. 



2. Compared with size of fruit the core is large, open, and often 

 very irregular. 



Order 1. TRUE CALVILLES. 



1. The taper toward the eye does not begin until at least past the 

 middle of the apple. 



2. They are covered with bloom when on the tree. 



3. The skin is unctuous, or becomes unctuous in storage. 



4. The entire coloring never consists of pure, distinct stripes only. 



5. The flesh is light, loose, delicate. 



6. The flavor resembles that of strawberry or raspberry. 



