THE APPLE. 9 



Order 1. PURELY FLAT APPLES. 



1. The difference between height and breadth is obvious to the eye. 



2. Breadth always one-half inch more than height. 



Order 2. GLOBULAR FLAT APPLES. 



1. The difference between breadth and height is not easily de- 

 tected by the eye. 



2. The breadth seldom exceeds the height by more than a quarter 

 of an inch. 



3. The fruit cut transversely through the middle presents halves 

 which are almost or quite equal. 



THE DIEL-DOCHNAHL SYSTEM. 



1855. Fr. Jac. Dochnahl, of Germany, presented a modification 

 of Diel's System which is herewith given, as translated for Robert 

 Hogg's British Pomology: 



Section I. PLEUROIDEA (Angular or Ribbed). 



Having sharp or flat ribs, which extend over the length of the 

 fruit and are most prominent around the eye, where they are most 

 generally situated. 



Class I. Mala Cydonaria (Quince-shaped). 

 Order 1. CALVILLES. 



1. They have large, heart-shaped cells, open towards the axis, or 

 often entirely torn; the cells extend very often from the stalk even 

 to the tube of the calyx. 



2. They diminish from about the middle of the fruit, or a little 

 above it, toward the eye. 



3. They are regular, and provided generally with fine ribs, which 

 do not disfigure the fruit. 



4 On the tree the fruit is covered with bloom. 



5. They are never distinctly striped. 



6. Their flesh is soft, loose, fine, and light, of a balsamic flavor, 

 similar to that of strawberries or raspberries. 



7. The eye is frequently closed. 



8. Many of them acquire, by keeping, an oily or unctuous skin. 



