20 SYSTEMATIC POMOLOGY. 



Subsection 1. Pale or blushed, more or less, but self-colored 

 and not striped. 



Subsection 2. Striped or splashed. 

 Subsection 3. Russeted. 



Class II. Conical, tapering decidedly toward the eye, and be- 

 coming 'ovate when larger in the middle and tapering to each end, the 

 axial diameter being the shorter. 

 Subdivisions as above. 



Class III. Round, globular, or nearly so, having the axial and 



transverse diameters about equal, the former often shorter by less than 



one quarter of the latter. The ends are often so flattened as to look 



truncated, when the fruit appears to be cylindrical or globular-oblate. 



Subdivisions as above. 



Class IV. Oblong, in which the axis is longer than the transverse 

 diameter, or appears so. These may also be truncated or cylindrical. 

 Subdivisions as above. 



1849. John J. Thomas in his "American Fruit Culturist" 

 arranged apples as follows: 

 Division I. Summer Apples. 



Class I. Sweet apples. 



Section 1. Color striped with red. 

 Section 2. Color not striped. 

 Class II. With more or less acidity. 



Sections 1 and 2 as above. 

 Division II. Autumn Apples. 



Classes and Sections as above. 

 Division III. Winter Apples. 



Classes and Sections as above. 



AN ENGLISH ARTIFICIAL SYSTEM. 



1876. Robert Hogg, the leading pomologist of England, pub- 

 lished an artificial system in which new points are considered. The 

 structural characters on which Hogg bases his classification are: 1. 

 The Stamens; 2. The Tube; 3. The Carpels; and 4. The Sepals. 



These are all seen when an apple is cut in halves lengthwise from 

 the stem to the calyx. Beginning at the calyx and going inward we 

 find first the calyx segments, which by Hogg and other authors are 

 called the eye, and immediately inside of these segments is a cavity, 

 called the flower-tube or calyx-tube. (By some the word eye is used 



