216 SYSTEMATIC POMOLOGY. 



Sweet Russet, Gideon's No. 6, Brier Sweet. Promising for trial: 

 Dartt, Pride of Minneapolis, Crampton's No. 3, Lyman's Prolific, 

 Faribault. 



The Northwestern market demands mainly bright red-colored 

 varieties; for preserves the size must not be too large. For profit 

 the trees must not be too subject to blight. 



In recent years, in Iowa, attention has been drawn to large-fruited 

 forms of the native crab as found at the West. So far the list of 

 cultivated varieties includes Soulard, Kentucky Mammoth, Mercer ; 

 and Howard, with some local sorts not yet generally introduced. 



True long-winter-keeping quality has not been secured as a result 

 of hybridization of the common apple with the Siberian crabs, and it 

 is to be hoped that it will be obtained from these native American 

 crabs. These native crabs all easily keep "till apples come again," 

 and were formerly cached or buried in the earth for winter preserva- 

 tion by the Indians. At the present stage of development they will 

 serve only for culinary purposes as a substitute for the quince. It is 

 possible that the future winter apples of the Northwest will contain 

 an infusion of the native crab of the Mississippi valley. 



From the ornamental standpoint both the Siberian and native 

 crabs have considerable value. The Siberian crabs as a class are 

 much hardier, and will live and bear fruit much farther Northwest 

 than the native crabs. 



Ball Winter (Ball's Winter). Origin, town of Sutton, province of 

 Quebec, Canada. Tree a thrifty grower, with spreading head; an 

 annual bearer. A very good market crab. 



Fruit slightly below medium, ovate; surface greenish white, 

 with yellow blush on sunny side; flesh crisp, spicy, rich, acid, good 

 to very good. November to January. 



Beach (Beach's Sweet). Of American origin. 



Fruit large, roundish, somewhat conical, regular, yellow, mostly 

 covered with bright red, thinly overlaid with gray; cavity regular, 

 obtuse, much russeted; stem medium to long; basin regular, slightly 

 wrinkled; calyx closed; segments erect convergent. Core closed; 

 cells obovate, slit; tube conical; stamens median; flesh white, 

 moderately juicy, very pleasant, sweet, good. September, October. 



Brier (Brier Sweet). Originated with B. B. Brier, Baraboo, 

 Wisconsin; is the result of a fertilization of the Siberian crab with 

 the Bailey Sweet apple. Tree hardy, vigorous, and productive. 



